On Liberty.

with tipped-in autograph note on House of Commons paper

The first edition of Mill's great essay on liberty and the duty owed by fellow man.

With a tipped-in autograph note on House of Commons blind-stamped paper written during Mill's (1806-1873) brief tenure as Member of Parliament for Westminster from 1865 until 1868. In it 'Mr J.S. Mill presents his compliments to the Chairman of the Committee of Selection, and having attained the age of sixty on the 28th of May last, solicits to be exempted from serving on election committees. June 18, 1866'.

Widely considered a masterpiece of nineteenth-century political thought, the present work, On Liberty, brought up to date the Benthamite utilitarianism of Mill's precursors, introducing the key, defining principle that the 'greatest happiness' of society cannot be achieved at the expense of individual liberty. The 'sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection... the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others' (pp21-22).

On Liberty was written during the 8 years of Mill's happy marriage to the women's rights activist Harriet Taylor Mill, who died shortly before the book's publication in 1859. The work is movingly dedicated to her memory as 'the inspirer, and in part the author, of all that is best in my writings' (dedication). Mill himself was an early advocate for expanded suffrage; as MP for Westminster he became one of the strongest voices in Parliament calling for women to be given the right to vote, and on his death left a legacy of £6000, nearly half of his estate, to the furtherance of women's education.

Mill's own education, under the aegis of his father James Mill, a historian and noted disciple of Jeremy Bentham, was famously severe. 'At the age of the three the boy could read Greek; by the time he was eight he was reading Plato and Herodotus and an incredible quantity of historical writing; at twelve he had embarked on Aristotle's works of logic, Adam Smith and Ricardo' (PMM). Nevertheless, Mill was later thankful for the firm grounding this tutelage gave him, concluding that 'in the main his method was right, and it succeeded' (Autobiography).

First edition; 8vo (20.5 x 13 cm); tipped-in autograph note on House of Commons blind-stamped paper to front free endpaper, 8pp publisher's ads to rear, slightly toned, hinges reinforced at gutter margins; publisher's ribbed brown cloth, rebacked with the original spine laid down, gilt lettering dulled, corners repaired; 207, [1], 8[ads]pp.

PMM 345.